BoB examples
Follow the links below to see some of the applications which have used BoB:
Formula 1:
BoB was used by a Formula 1 team to optimise their pit performance by co-ordinating the actions of the pit crew. This involved motion capture of the 3 team members on each of the vehicle’s 4 wheels and using BoB to examine their relative strengths and weaknesses.
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Vehicle ingress/egress:
BoB was used to analyse the ease of entering and exiting a passenger vehicle by older people to identify design changes which will increase comfort.
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Dance:
BoB was used by the world’s premier professional Irish dance company to study the loads occuring in the ankles during dance. It was found that small changes in choreography, so small that the audience would never notice, could result in significant reduction in loads in those joints of their dancers.
BoB has also been used as a teaching tool by professional ballet schools so the pupil could see and interrogate their own technique.
It can also be fun! See below:
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The Tango
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The Macarena
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Whatever that is?
Basketball:
BoB has been used to provide players and their coaches with objective information about the athletes’ techniques in order to track progress and share best practice.
The disc at the joint is used to show the range of motion of the joint in the plane of the disc. The maximum motion of the joint is shown by the coloured slice. The longer time the joint is at an angle, the more red the slice is coloured and for less time, the slice is coloured green.
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Exercise equipment:
BoB was used by a manufacturer of exercise equipment to analyze the detailed design in their products before “cutting metal”.
This approach ensured loads generated within the users’ bodies were appropriate for efficient exercise.
The double headed arrow is aligned with the direction of the contact force at the joint and its length is proportional to the magnitude of the joint contact force.
The joint contact forces are typically dominated by the forces in the muscles which surround them rather than external forces applied to the body, Indeed, the joint contact forces are often much larger than the external loads.
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Tennis:
BoB has been used from amateur to international levels to provide players and their coaches with objective information, which is not available from other analytical methods, to aid injury prevention and enhance performance .
The activities of the muscles are colour coded – the harder the muscle is working, the more red it appears; muscles working less hard are coloured more blue.
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Gymnastics:
BoB has been used to study the movement of gymnasts including trajectories of anatomical locations on the body, angular velocities and range of joint movements.
The circular arrows wrap around the axis of the segments’ angular velocity and the size of the arrow is proportional to the magnitude of the angular velocity.
The range of motion of a joint in a plane is indicated by the slice on the circular disc. Additionally, the sections of the slice where the joint spends the most time is coloured red and the angles where the joint spends the least time is coloured green.
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Football:
BoB has been used by professional football clubs to assess muscle loadings and the loads which occur in the joints of the leg as this is a key indicator of injury risk and indicative of return-to-play timing.
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Cycling:
BoB has been used to research pedalling techniques by measuring EMG activity and the force generated at the pedals in regards to pedal timing. This information is valuable to optimise bicycle personalisation and set-up .
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Baseball:
BoB has been used to analyse the baseball pitcher and batter across a range of levels of abilities to establish, amongst other metrics, the kinematic chain along the pitcher’s arm and the trajectory of the bat.
The length of the blue arrow is proportional to the speed of the location of the body and the arrow points in the direction of the velocity.
The trajectory of the pitcher’s hand changes colour after a fixed time, hence the longer the distance between colour changes the faster the hand is moving at that point.
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Space exploration:
There are some environments where numeric simulation is the only practical method of analysis. One such environment is prolonged zero-g. BoB has a forward dynamics capability which can calculate the motion of a person when subjected to external forces, gravity (if appropriate) and muscle activity. BoB/Forward has been used by a space agency to simulate zero-g motion.
The yellow arrow shows the external force applied to the astronaut.
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Gardening:
BoB has been used by the premier horticultural authority in the UK to advise gardeners on techniques which will minimise musculoskeletal aches and sprains while enjoying their hobby.
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Gait:
The study of gait is a fundamental clinical measurement and well suited to BoB’s analysis and display functionality.
The range of motion of a joint in a plane is indicated by the slice on the circular disc. Additionally, the sections of the slice where the joint spends the most time is coloured red and the angles where the joint spends the least time are coloured green.
The yellow arrows at the feet represent the ground reaction forces in magnitude and direction.
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Arborist:
Arborists have to lift themselves and their equipment to great heights in trees. Therefore it is of great importance that loads in the body are minimised as much as possible to reduce risks from fatigue. BoB has been used by arborists to analyse these loads and produce guidance to the industry.
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Disabled athletes:
The musculoskeletal model in BoB can be edited by the user and can therefore be modified to represent disabilities including amputees.
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Ergonomic analysis:
BoB has been used to optimize the working environment by calculating industry standard ergonomic metrics (including REBA/RULA, NIOSH lifting equation, ISO standards) to evaluate the workplace and do “what if” studies to suggest routes to improvement of working practices, factory layout, health and safety.
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Teaching:
BoB is being used by many colleges and universities worldwide to teach biomechanics in an intuitive, engaging and interactive manner.
The size of the circular arrow at the hip is proportional to the torque at the joint; the circular arrow is orientated to wrap around the axis of the torque. This example shows that the minimum joint torque occurs at the “pendulum” frequency.
The lower video shows that during a ballistic movement, the centre of the mass follows a parabola irrespective of how complex the motion.
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EMG analysis:
BoB is used to combine motion data with EMG data in research and industry. This enables the practitioner to more easily understand the EMG signal. BoB can also add the name of selected muscles and colour code them based on the EMG signal which further enhances the interpretation of the results.
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Athletics:
Traumatic and chronic injuries are always a problem in athletics at all levels. BoB is used to monitor the loads occurring within the body to swing the balance away from injury risk and towards improved performance.
The yellow arrows indicate the ground reaction forces and the curly arrows indicate the torques at the joints.
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Emergency services:
BoB was used by the British Fire and Rescue Service to identify fast methods to extract people from crashed vehicles whilst minimising the risk of spinal chord injuries.
BoB has also been used by the Spanish police service to study techniques in prisoner restraint.
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